Nubwo mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 hari intebe nyinshi zo mu biro zifite imbaraga mu bwiza, byari ingingo ntoya yo gushushanya ergonomic.Kurugero, Frank Lloyd Wright, yakoze intebe nyinshi zishimishije, ariko kimwe nabandi bashushanya, yashishikazwaga cyane no gushushanya intebe kuruta ergonomique.Rimwe na rimwe, yazirikanaga ibikorwa by'abantu.Intebe yo kubaka 1904 ya Larkin yagenewe abandika imashini.Iyo imashini yunamye imbere, intebe nayo.
Bitewe n'intebe idahwitse y'intebe, yaje kwitwa "intebe yo kwiyahura", Wright yunganiye igishushanyo cye, avuga ko bigusaba kugira imyifatire myiza yo kwicara.
Intebe yakoreye umuyobozi w'ikigo yashoboraga kuzunguruka no guhindura uburebure bwayo, yafatwaga nk'imwe mu ntebe zikomeye zo mu biro.Intebe, iri muri Metropolitan Museum of Art ubu.
Mu myaka ya za 1920, igitekerezo cy'uko kwicara neza byatumye abantu baba abanebwe byari bisanzwe ku buryo abakozi bo mu nganda bicaraga ku ntebe nta mugongo.Muri icyo gihe, hari ibibazo byiyongereye ku bijyanye no kugabanuka k'umusaruro n'indwara z'abakozi, cyane cyane mu bakozi b'abagore.Isosiyete rero Tan-Sad yashyize ku isoko intebe ishobora guhindura uburebure bwinyuma.
Ergonomics yagiye imenyekana buhoro buhoro muri iki gihe mu myaka ya za 1950 na 1960, ariko, iryo jambo ryari ryaravutse hashize imyaka irenga 100 kandi ntiryigeze rijya ahagaragara kugeza mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, imirimo myinshi yadusabye kwicara.Intebe ya MAA 1958, yateguwe nuwashushanyaga George Nelson Nelson wa Herman Miller, yari agashya kubera ko inyuma n’ibanze byegamye byigenga, bigatanga uburambe bushya ku mubiri w’umuntu ku kazi.
Mu myaka ya za 70, abashushanya inganda bashishikajwe n'amahame ya ergonomic.Hariho ibitabo bibiri by'ingenzi by'Abanyamerika: "Igipimo cy'umuntu" cya Henry Dreyfuss na "Humanscale" ya Niels Diffrient byerekana ubuhanga bwa ergonomique.
Rani Lueder, umuhanga mu bya ergonomiste umaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo akurikira intebe, yizera ko abanditsi b'ibitabo byombi boroheje mu buryo bumwe, ariko ko aya mabwiriza yoroshye afasha mu iterambere ry'intebe.Devenritter n'abashushanya Wolfgang Mueller na William Stumpf, mugihe bashyira mubikorwa ibyo bavumbuye, bahimbye uburyo bwo gukoresha ifuro ya polyurethane ibumba ifasha umubiri.
Mu 1974, umuhanga mu gukora inganda zigezweho Herman Miller yasabye Stumpf gukoresha ubushakashatsi bwe mu gutegura intebe y'ibiro.Ibyavuye muri ubwo bufatanye ni Intebe ya Ergon, yasohotse bwa mbere mu 1976. Nubwo impuguke mu bya ergonomique zitemeranya n’intebe, ntibavuga ko yazanye ergonomique kuri rubanda.
Intebe ya Ergon ni impinduramatwara mubijyanye na injeniyeri, ariko ntabwo ari nziza.Kuva mu 1974 kugeza 1976, Emilio Ambasz na GiancarloPiretti bakoze "Intebe Intebe", ihuza ubwubatsi n’uburanga kandi bisa nkibikorwa byubuhanzi.
Mu 1980, akazi ko mu biro nicyo gice cyateye imbere cyane ku isoko ry’akazi muri Amerika.Muri uwo mwaka, abashakashatsi bo muri Noruveje Peter Opsvik na Svein Gusrud bazanye ubundi buryo bwo gukemura ububabare bw'umugongo, intebe idakira yicaye n'ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima: Ntukicare, upfukame.
Intebe ya Norvege Balans G, ireka imyanya gakondo yicaye iburyo, ikoresha Imbere.Intebe ya Balans G ntabwo yigeze igenda neza.Abigana bakoze intebe nyinshi batitaye ku gishushanyo mbonera, biganisha ku guhora kwijujutira ibibazo bijyanye no kubabara ivi nibindi bibazo.
Mugihe mudasobwa zabaye igice cyingenzi cyibiro mu myaka ya za 1980, raporo z’imvune zatewe na mudasobwa zarazamutse, kandi intebe nyinshi z’intebe za ergonomique zatumaga abantu benshi bahagarara.Mu 1985, Jerome Congleton yateguye icyicaro cya Pos, yavuze ko ari kamere na zeru-rukuruzi, kandi nacyo cyizwe na NASA.
Mu 1994, Herman Miller yashushanyije Williams Stumpf na Donald Chadwick bashushanyije intebe ya Allen, birashoboka ko ari intebe yonyine y'ibiro bya ergonomique izwi ku isi.Igishya ku ntebe ni uko gishyigikira uruti rw'umugongo, hamwe n'igitambaro giteye cyatewe mu mugongo uhetamye gishobora guhinduka hamwe n'umubiri kugira ngo uhuze n'imyanya itandukanye, haba kwanga kuvugana kuri terefone cyangwa ukegamiye imbere wandika.
Hama hariho uwashushanyije asinda mugihe cyubushakashatsi, akazunguruka, kandi acira amacandwe imbere yisi.Mu 1995, hashize umwaka umwe gusa intebe ya Allen igaragaye, Donald Judd, Jenny Pinter yise umuhanzi n’umucuzi, yaguye inyuma kandi yongerera ubushobozi intebe kugira ngo akore intebe igororotse, imeze nk'agasanduku.Abajijwe ku ihumure ryayo, yashimangiye ko "intebe zigororotse ari nziza mu kurya no kwandika."
Kuva Intebe ya Allen yatangira, habaye intebe nyinshi zishimishije.Mu gihe gito, ijambo ergonomique ryabaye impfabusa kuko hariho ubushakashatsi bwinshi kandi bwiza kuruta mbere hose, ariko haracyariho uburyo bwo kumenya niba intebe ari ergonomique.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-16-2023